Fire Department Essay

Mission Statement: To prevent and minimize the loss of life and property threatened by the hazards of fire, medical, and rescue emergencies, hazardous materials incidents, and disaster situations within the community. History: Prior to the 1956 incorporation of Fremont, the area was comprised of five large unincorporated communities: Irvington, Mission San Jose, Centerville, Niles, and Warm Springs. Each of these communities had its own volunteer fire department and elected its own Chief Officers. Originally, the departments were just hose cart operations. When the City of Fremont incorporated in 1956 it had a population of 22,493 and it immediately implemented a Public Safety department. Two years later, the Public Safety department was disbanded, and the Fremont Fire Department was formed. At that time, the Warm Springs fire station was only staffed between the hours of 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. When the sole firefighter on duty at the Warm Springs station went home, he would answer a â€Å"hot line† at his home for any emergencies, then respond to the fire station to activate the siren, summoning the other volunteers. When they arrived, they would respond together to the emergency. Slowly, throughout the 1960’s, all firehouses began staffing 24 hours a day. In 1969, volunteer firefighters were pushed out and full time paid firefighters staffed all stations. Individual stations history: 1. Station 1 at the corner of Mowry and Argonaut was built in 1963 and provided coverage for the central business district. 2. Once the home of the bustling movie company Essanay Studios, Niles became the home to the present Station 2, which was built on Second Street in 1952. 3. Station 3, in the Irvington District, was first built in 1939 on Washington Boulevard, then relocated in 1979 to its present site on Chapel Way. 4. The district of Mission San Jose housed Station 4, first located on Anza Way in 1954, then welcomed its relocation at Pine and Paseo-Padre Parkway with a grand opening on Saturday, June 23, 1990. 5. Warm Springs’ Station 5, first situated on Warm Springs Boulevard in 1946, was rebuilt in 1992 at the same location but turned on the property to now be assigned a Hackamore Lane address. 6. The Centerville Station 6, built in 1954, became the fire department headquarters when the City formed in 1956, and housed the dispatch center until 1963. After more than five decades of faithful service, Fire Station 6 was decommissioned in January 2009 and a new Fire Station 6 was welcomed into service on Central Avenue. 7. Station 7, built in 1964 at the corner of South Grimmer and Durham, provided coverage for Fremont’s industrial area. Today, it includes a classroom which is used by the Explorers for continued training. 8. To keep up with the building boom of the early ’70’s, Station 8 was constructed on Darwin Drive in 1971. Originally, the building was planned for just two years of use but stayed in service for an additional 35 years. The Darwin Drive firehouse was finally retired from service in 2008 and replaced by the new Station 8 on Fremont Blvd. 9. Station 9, located on Stevenson Place, was placed in service for the first time at 10:33 p.m. on April 27, 1992. Engine Company 9’s first incident occurred 20 minutes later when they responded to a request for medical aid at the Fremont Jail. 10. Dedicated on November 3, 1990, and followed by a grand opening on Saturday, January 19, 1991, Station 10 on Deep Creek Road complemented the existing coverage in north Fremont. 11. In 2010 Station 11 was completed. Located in the industrial area of Fremont on Gateway Blvd. This new multi-million dollar station is currently out of service do to understaffing.

How to manage time Essay

The two most powerful warriors are patience and time Tolstoy Why use time management skills? It’s important that you develop effective strategies for managing your time to balance the conflicting demands of time for study, leisure, earning money and Job hunting. Time management skills are valuable in Job hunting, but also in many other aspects of life: from revising for examinations to working in a vacation Job. Sometimes it may seem that there isn’t enough time to do everything that you need to. This can lead to a build up of stress. When revising for examinations, or during your final year when you have to combine the pressures of intensive study with finding time to apply for jobs good management of your time can be particularly important. Once we have identified ways in which we can improve the management of our time, we can begin to adjust our routines and patterns of behavior to reduce any time-related stress in our lives. What skills are required for effective time management? Some of these skills including setting clear goals, breaking your goals down into discreet steps, and reviewing your progress towards your goals are covered in Action Planning. Other skills involved include prioritizing – focusing on urgent and important tasks rather than those that are not important or don’t move you towards your goals; organizing your work schedule; list making to remind you of what you need to do when; persevering when things are not working out and avoiding procrastination. Using Lists Keeping a to-do List TO DO Work Write up lecture notes. *Prepare for seminar on Thursday Decide on subject for project Go to library to get material for essay. Other *Pay rent Research employers I want to apply to. Card for Sue’s birthday Prepare draft CV Buy iron Get two tickets for concert Visit Simon Go to bank to remember everything in your head as this is a recipe for disaster! Carry a pen and paper or organizer wherever you go. At the simplest level your reminder system could simply be to use your diary to write down the things you need to do, including appointments and deadlines. Before interviews, it’s fine to write down the questions you wish to ask on a small piece of card or notepad â€Å"To stay on schedule I devised a timetable which I had to stick to. I used an electronic calendar which I programmed to send out emails as reminders to myself and my team. This was a very useful tool and it is one that I have used continuously to manage my time effectively. † Kent student. A daily list of tasks that need to be done is an essential part of action planning. Refer to and update this regularly. Priorities items on the list into important/not important and urgent/non-urgent. Such a list can take a variety of formats but an example is given to the right. Update your list daily, crossing off completed tasks and adding new tasks that need to be done. Urgent or important tasks can be highlighted with an asterisk. Advantages of using a to do list Focuses your mind on important objectives You are less likely to forget to do tasks Writing a list helps order your thoughts It helps show the bigger picture You dont need to hold everything in your head. It saves time It helps you decide on priorities: the most important and the most urgent You are less likely to become sidetracked You get the reward of ticking off your achievements You feel more in control You have a record of what you’ve done You always have something to work on Setting Goals Set yourself specific and clearly defined goals, and make sure that these are realistic and achievable. To do this, you first need to examine your present situation and assess what goals are important to you and what action you need to take to achieve your target. Have a contingency plan or alternative route to your goal in case you have to change your plans, for example, taking a relevant postgraduate course if you can’t get a Job. See Action Planning. In a survey by Accountemps 150 executives were asked, â€Å"On which day of the week are employees most productive? † Their responses: Monday 12% Tuesday 57% Wednesday 11% Thursday Friday 3% Don’t know 6% Prioritizing Efficiency and effectiveness are not the same. Someone who works hard and is well effective. To be effective, you need to decide what tasks are urgent and important and to focus on these. This is called prioritizing. It’s important to list the tasks you have and to sort these in order of priority, and then to devote most time to the most important tasks. This avoids the natural tendency to concentrate on the simple, easy tasks and to allow too many interruptions to your work. Differentiate also between urgent and important tasks: an urgent task may not necessarily be important! When job hunting, you wont be able to apply to every employer. You will need to carefully riorities those you wish to apply to, based upon factors such as closing date, location, degree class required, and chances of getting in. Avoiding Procrastination â€Å"Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today. † Benjamin Franklin Procrastination is the scourge of action planning. It’s important that you manage ‘Your fear of doing things’ you dont want to do and realize that the fear is often far worse than any possible negative results. Try to take decisions immediately when possible and when you don’t need to gather more information pertinent to the decision. The best time to do something is usually NOW. Taking action generates the impetus for further action. Many applications to prestigious employers now need to be made in the first term of your final year and if you procrastinate you’ll miss the deadlines. Breaking down tasks Break goals down into their components so that you can accomplish them one step at a time. Write these steps down, and try to be as specific as you can when you do this. Try to complete one task before you go on to the next. Reward yourself for achieving these goals to maintain your enthusiasm. For example, when you are invited to your first interview, treat yourself to a good meal with friends. Regularly review your progress towards your goals and revise plans as appropriate to take account of unforeseen changes. Persevering Inevitably, things will not always run smoothly as you progress towards your goals. When things are not working out, you need to persevere and learn how to take a positive attitude towards frustration and failure. Mistakes are a crucial part of any creative process and each is a lesson leading you towards the right solution. Fear of making or admitting mistakes is a major handicap to taking effective action. It is said that the people who have achieved the most have made the most mistakes! Try to be aware that satisfaction comes as much from pursuing goals as from achieving them. Work at effective strategies to deal with pressure – these can vary from taking exercise, to relaxation techniques such as Yoga, to simply sharing problems with friends. Being assertive can also help here, for example, politely saying no to the demands of others when you are pushed for time. Sharing tasks and problems with others will spread the burden and will bring a fresh perspective to them. Organizing your time Identify areas of your life where you are wasting time and try to reduce these. A good ay to do this is to log everything you do for a week in meticulous detail and then examine your record to see how you use (or misuse! ) your time. Develop a regular work routine. Keep your work space tidy so that you can work efficiently – it’s hard to so that you meet deadlines in good time – dont leave everything until the last minute. If you have a difficult essay to write, start by drafting out the structure first- this will break the ice. When applying for Jobs keep copies of all the applications you have made and keep a log of the date you applied, result, and a record of all your nterviews, plus you were questions asked.

Ethics in Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics in Marketing - Term Paper Example The necessity for ethics in marketing research is; thus quite evident. This paper will examine the issue of ethics in marketing research noting the significance of ethics in all processes involving marketing research. Ethical behavior is a vital component in marketing research since marketing research directly controls the realization of strategic decision making in businesses. Businesses rely on information, which marketing researchers provide, to make day to day decisions, which affect business operations in one way or another. Consequence of the significance of marketing research, trade associations constantly establish guidelines to ensure ethical behavior by marketing researchers (Murphy, Gene, Norman and Bowie 79). The American Marketing Association (AMA) provides a number of ethical norms to guide the conduct of marketing research. These include the following: 1. Honesty; ensuring that marketing researchers remain forthright and faithful in all their contacts with stakeholders such as clients. 2. Responsible behavior, which entails accepting the implications of researchers’ marketing strategies and decisions. 3. ... 6. Citizenship, which aims at fulfilling the legal, economic, societal and philanthropic responsibilities, which serve stakeholders in strategic ways. Marketing researchers have immense responsibilities when it comes to different stakeholders such as research respondents, the public, clients and researchers. Ethical decisions encompass a number of characteristics that ensure that marketing researchers uphold. Firstly, ethical decisions provide for the realization of long term effects on business situations. In addition, although a majority of ethical decisions are sometimes rather doubtful, they encompass a variety of alternatives, which enhance the opportunity for ethical marketing research decisions (Murphy, Gene, Norman and Bowie 99). The points of view inherent in ethical decisions are essentially either negative or positive. Lastly, the results of ethical decisions, which include negative or positive outcomes, are relatively unpredictable and uncertain. For members of the public , ethical concerns deal primarily with the methods used by marketing researchers in obtaining and reporting research outcomes. The public sometimes depends on the outcomes of marketing research for information regarding products. If marketing researchers provide distorted information, the public stands to lose by purchasing faulty or wrong products. Therefore, it is the shared responsibility of researchers and the public to deter the incident of misguiding and incomplete reporting and biased research. Incomplete reporting occurs when either a client or researcher fails to reveal complete research results. This unethical behavior is likely to take place when marketing researchers conceal negative information, which customers would find undesirable. A misleading environment

See detais below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See detais below - Essay Example While doing so, he attempted to explore the relationship between the two aspects of the popular folk story: history and literature. In the story, Knughy deeply explores the characters of the story, all of which plays different roles in creating the story itself. Knughy tried to answer different questions. How could the swagman be so jolly More interestingly, how could the homeless, hungry and tired swagman be so jolly If he was so jolly, why would he want to drown himself While analyzing the questions popping in his head, he recalls a time by the Combo Waterhole when the folk story of the Waltzing Matilda was discussed by him and his friend. He remembered conferring to his friend that the story needed to be truly Australian. Hence, it should be originally written with Aboriginal words. Only when verified the authenticity of the story as purely Australian can they conclude whether the swagman was pulled down by the spirit of the water after being hunted by policemen or he was drowned because he jumped to the water with a full stomach. Wharton's version was debated by many as whether it portrays a social reading of the... A social reading is the act of evaluating a particular work of literature, in the context of its impact to the society. In the time when most people regard 'Waltzing Matilda' as a mere folk story, it is indeed considered a social reading to evaluate the relevance of the story of its factual roots and historical bases. According to the text, the character's mind was in turmoil as his mind was debating what to believe in 'Waltzing Matilda'. Which of the text is fact and which is fiction How can the story be merely mythological How can it be real What was the real reason why the jolly swagman died Did he commit suicide This questions arising in his mind already qualifies as significant bases for Knughy to conduct social reading. Essentially, Knughy was able to conduct a social reading by recalling images of the past, which could be strong determinants of facts and myths. Suddenly, he recalled his mother's words: 'My boy, never but never swim on a full stomach'. From this, he was able to explore another possible angle of the jolly swagman's death. Hence, since he drowned with a full stomach, his death may not be due to suicide or any mythical reasons at all. He may have drowned simply because he jumped on the water with a full stomach. It was not regarded by many as social reading because the story portrays Knughy at present analyzing the text, without anyone else to share his thoughts with. However, an evaluation of a text does not require multiple listeners for it to be considered 'social reading'. This is what I learned in Hergenhen's Australian Short Stories. Contrary to popular conception, I believe that social reading does not need to be literally social; it has to be societal. Remarkably, this was indirectly implied in

Success in college Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Success in college - Term Paper Example As far as using the educational resources are concerned, I need to be apt with how these resources are made use of and what the best foot forward is when one thinks about the work representations. I can gain quite a lot if these educational resources are employed in a sound and positive way because this will mean that I am looking forward to receiving the best of education and academic intelligence which is needed in this day and age. This will also guarantee that I am aligned with how to make the best use of the changing technological facets which have come to the fore and which shall have a very strategic bearing on my growth and development over a period of time. For using the educational resources, I need to make the best use of my university library so that the hidden treasures within it are explored to the hilt. The articles, books and journals need to be discerned for finding out the very basics related with the respective subjects. This shall mean that I am doing my utmost to make sure that the wrong concepts and ideologies are taken care of in an appropriate way and any such apprehensions are also kept at bay within the thick of things (Hess, 2001). When one talks about the academic honesty dictum, I need to make sure that I remain one step ahead of the requirements which exist within the related fore. This can only happen if I know exactly how I will plan things accordingly and how I shall be able to reap rich dividends in the coming times. I would like to be head-on with the plagiarism policies which exist within an academic context. In order to be completely at par with the rules and policies, what I need to know is how I can make the best use of these academic principles, ethical considerations and the like so that I remain in line with the changing need dimensions of the time, more so when it concerns with the academic honesty discussions. Any university would dearly have an academic honesty policy that shall have implications for the plagiarism i ssues which come to the notice of all and sundry. These need to be avoided in order to bring upon success which is hidden beneath academic excellence. It is sound to know that in this day and age universities are undertaking efforts and initiatives to make sure that the dishonest students are removed from their realms because they add nuisance value to its lengths and breadths. Therefore all-out efforts should be in place to remain academically honest about one’s dealings and undertakings. From an educational perspective, it is always significant to know and find out what the long term and short term educational goals and objectives are. This means that these educational objectives need to be achieved over a period of time and proper concentration and attention must be paid towards the same. By this, I need to have clarity as far as comprehending how I can achieve success within the shortest possible time and what I need to do in order to bring out the best within my skills, abilities and competencies (McKenna, 2011). Indeed there would be a host of obstacles and difficulties which would stand in my way but what I must do under such circumstances is to make sure that I remain steadfast about my educational priorities and thus give my very best day in and day out. This shall allow me an understanding that I must always remain supreme as far as achieving my

Effect of trampling on length of Cranesbill leaves Coursework

Effect of trampling on length of Cranesbill leaves - Coursework Example We make the assumption, for instance, that for a given distance along the transect, the soil and other relevant conditions are similar. Moreover, we can take it that if the data is any good, then standard deviations along any point of data collection along the transect (one meter intervals) should be small. This is to be expected too, given that for every measurement point along the transect there is only one reading for the soil compaction level, and several readings for the leaf length. Therefore, if soil compaction is correlated with the leaf length, then one can assume that the variations in length sizes along any measurement point in the transect should be small, or at least not significant enough to cause worry and doubt as to the validity of the data and of the alternative hypothesis being accepted (Statistics Canada 2011). Indeed, looking at the range of the standard deviation along the different measurement points in the transect, one sees that there is somewhat of a variati on along the measurement points, by a factor of 3 in some measurement points compared to others. There are several ways to interpret this. On the one hand, looking at the standard deviation figures, within the measurement points it is not conclusive that the standard deviation magnitudes are enough to cause worry as to the data validity. On the other hand, one can also investigate that maybe the wide variances in the sample data of leaf lengths within the measurement points may have something to do with the standard deviation being large or small. For example, looking at measurement point 8, or the measurement of leaf lengths at the point of eight meters from the start of the transect, one sees that the standard deviation is unusually large, in fact larger than any other standard deviation figure for the rest of the measurement points. Examining the data for this measurement point, one sees that compared to the other measurement points, there is a wider variation of measurement data for leaf lengths (1.5; 2.8; 2.8; 2.7; 2.3; 2.5). Looking at the measurements of leaf lengths at point 0, where the transect begins, one sees that the variation in measurements is somewhat smaller, or to put it another way, the leaf lengths are closer to each other, or varies less in comparison to measurement point 8 (1, 0.8; 0.8; 0.7; 0.7). This is borne out by the computed standard deviation for this measurement point, which is about a factor of three smaller than the standard deviation for point 8. The point is that within the measurement points, the standard deviation for the measurements vary in magnitude, and in some measurement points quite larger in comparison to the other measurement points. Judging by the standard deviation alone therefore, one comes to suspect whether the correlation between soil compaction and leaf length exists, and if the established correlation is valid. Of this, more will be said with regard to the inherent limitation of the study (Statistics Canada 2011; Wolfram Research 2012) Looking at ambient data, or data that is related to soil quality or pH, soil temperature, and the amount or intensity of the light present, this paper makes the assumption that more study needs to be done to either factor in or discount each of these variables as being correlated or associated with leaf length.

The role of uncertainty in the transmission of monetary policy effects Essay - 1

The role of uncertainty in the transmission of monetary policy effects on bank lending - Essay Example It is also shown that the weak, small & intermediate-sized banks tend to lend more than their stronger counterparts, during the time of higher uncertainty (Gatev and Strahan, 2003, pp.867-892). Apart from what is mentioned under bank lending channel, according to Bernanke and Gertler, it also examines the following: a key assumption is that bank is not able to easily replace lost deposits with the other source of funds, such as new equity issue or certificate of deposits (CDs). For several reasons, this assumption was correct for the United States before 1980. First reason is that, Federal Reserve imposed a â€Å"Regulation Q†, which placed a ceiling on the interest rates that bank could pay. Bank does not have any means of competing for funds and therefore suffered sharp reduction in deposits, when the interest rates of open market went above the ceiling. Second, reserve requirement were more difficult at that time than it is today and thirdly, markets for bank liabilities were less developed and less liquid than they are now (Bernanke and Gertler, 1995, pp.40-41). The statement in page number 5 that the reduction in observed lending is not due to a reduction in loan demand, but due to the reduction in loan supply is false. Rather, it reflects that the reduction in the quantity of loan is due to the decrease in loan demand and the reduction in loan supply (Kashyap and et al, 1993, p.79). One more fact is not mentioned: it takes into account the IS-LM model which states that there are only two financial assets, i.e. money and bonds and when the conditions where all distinctions between securities and bank loan can be ignored are not satisfied, then there are three assets, i.e. money, bank loans and securities. This model also states that monetary policy always operates through liability side of banks’ balance sheet, but the

Drugs in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Drugs in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example In regards to this, drug use is a serious offense in Saudi Arabia; the penalty is death. Drug traffickers found guilty are sentenced to death. The Saudi Arabia monarchy rates as one of the places with the strictest regulations on drugs in the world. The kingdom has a zero-tolerance, strict anti-drug policy that is initiated at all the transport entry systems into the country with state-of-the-art technology for detection (US Department of State). The monarch lists some of the prescription medication as illegal, thus visitors or passengers carrying such must have proper prescription papers from their doctors. Interestingly, some of the medications in the over-the-counter category fall under the controlled substances in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. Over the past few years, the kingdom has been emphasizing its prohibition of drugs and substances considered to be against the Koran teachings through the creation of more regulations and policy to control drugs. The airports in the kingdom conduct thorough passenger searches, even the transiting passengers. Those found with controlled substances and drugs are subjected to trials under the Islamic laws (US Department of State, 2011). The introduction of the death penalty for drug trafficking offenses was in March 1987 under King Fahd. The Council of Senior Ulama (religious scholars responsible for the interpretation of Islamic laws) had presented religious edict (fatwa) No. 138 that contained the penalty proposal. The edict was advocating for a death penalty for individuals found guilty of receiving or smuggling â€Å"drugs† into the kingdom, with the same penalty for recidivist distribution charges. The edict became law and took effect immediately. According to Amnesty Intern ational records, the first execution took place in July 1987, which saw the beheading of Falin bin Kami al-Makati.   

US Foreign Policy during the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

US Foreign Policy during the Cold War - Essay Example The foreign policies followed during the Cold War have always been a subject of debate and many books have been written on them. One such book is the Ugly American, authored by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick and set in the 1950s. The book exposes the incompetence of those who shape foreign policy. The novel struck a chord in many Americans who felt that the US was not following the right kind of foreign policies and that the Soviet Union might just get an upper hand in the Cold War. Several foreign policies were formulated and launched during the Cold War. One such policy was the European Recovery Program, known as the Marshall Plan. This plan, the details of which were announced by George Marshall, was meant to restore prosperity and thereby help in the growth of the European Union. George Kennan was the chief architect of the "Containment" policy wherein he called for the "containment of Russian expansive tendencies". He also believed that the poor economy of a country put p ressure on that country to adopt communism. According to Kennan, politics and economics were directly related. Healthy economies would cause the death of communism.

Commercial company Essay Example for Free

Commercial company Essay Select a major industrial or commercial company based in the United States and listed on one of the major stock exchanges in the United States. Each student should select a different company. Avoid selecting an insurance company or a bank, because the financial ratios for these financial businesses are different. Write a seven-to-eight-page double-spaced paper answering and demonstrating with calculations and financial data the following questions. 1. What is the name of the company? What is the industry sector? Starbucks Corporation is in the Food and Beverage industry 2. What are the operating risks of the company? Economic conditions in the US and certain international markets could adversely affect Starbucks’ business and financial results. – as a retailer Starbucks is dependent upon the customer’s discretionary spending. Customers may have less money for discretionary purchases as a result of job losses, foreclosures, bankruptcies, increased fuel and energy costs, higher interest rates and taxes. Decreases in customer traffic will negatively impact financial performance. Starbucks may not be successful in implementing important strategic initiatives or effectively managing growth, which may have an adverse impact on our business and financial results. – there is no assurance that Starbucks will be able to implement strategic initiatives and achieve the results that are within management’s expectations. These initiatives are designed to create growth, improve operations and drive long-term shareholder value. Starbucks face intense competition in each of our channels and markets, which could lead to reduced profitability. Starbucks is highly dependent on the financial performance of the America’s operating segment – the Americas operating segment contributes 74% of the total net revenues in fiscal 2013. Starbucks is relying on the success in the European/ Middle East, China/Asia Pacific operating segments to achieve overall growth targets. Other international operations are also subject to additional inherent risk when conducting business abroad. Of which, include: Forex rate fluctuations. Changes or uncertainties in economic, legal, regulatory, social and political conditions in international markets. Restrictive actions of foreign or US governments affecting trade. Enforceability of intellectual and contract rights. Local laws Disruption in energy supplies. Delays in store opening beyond the control of management. Increases in the cost of high-quality Arabica coffee beans or other commodities. Disruption in the supply chain, which will impact the ability to deliver Starbucks’ products. The loss if key personnel or difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel Adverse public or medical opinions about the health effects of consuming Starbucks’s products, as well as reports of incidents involving food-borne illnesses, food tampering or food contamination. Starbucks relies heavily on information technology in operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm Starbucks’ ability to effectively operate the business. Failure to comply with local laws and regulations. 3. What is the financial risk of the company (the debt to total capitalization ratio)? Market Cap: 56.69 BN Debt: 2.05BN Debt/total cap ratio = 0.036 (yahoo.com, 2014) 4. Does the company have any preferred stock? The company does not have preferred stock. 5. What is the capital structure of the company: short-term portion of long-term debt, long-term debt, preferred stock (if any), and market value of common stock issued and outstanding? short-term portion of long-term debt 357.7 Million Long-term debt 1,299 Million Preferred Stock 0 Market value of common stock 56.69 Billion 6. What is the company’s current actual beta? 0.95 7. What would the beta of this company be if it had no long-term debt in its capital structure? Unlevered Beta using Hamada equation = Beta /[1+(1-T) x (D/E)] Beta : 0.95 Marginal Tax Rate, T: 32.8% D/E: 0.036 Unlevered Beta = 0.96 / [1+(1 -0.328)*0.036] =0.937 8. What is the company’s current marginal tax rate? Income taxes for the fiscal year ended 2012 resulted in an effective tax rate of 32.8% compared to 31.1% for fiscal year 2011. (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2013) 9. What is the price earnings multiple of the company? Price to earnings ration. This ratio is used in conjunction with other metrics to give analyst and investors are quick initial impression of whether a company would make a good investment. (investopedia, 2014) Starbucks P/E ratio is 385.05 10. How has the company’s stock been performing in the last 5 years? Starbucks share price 282.32% in the last 5 yrs. 11. Would you invest in this company? Why or why not? I would invest in Starbucks. SBUX has the highest P/E ratio among its competitors. Their cost of debt is low compared to their cost of equity. That is why they are relying on debt for their expansion. Their dividends per share have been increasing yearly. 18. The last page of your paper should be a Bibliography of the sources you used to prepare this paper. Bibliography investopedia. (2011, feb). Cost of Equity. (investopedia) Retrieved septmeber 2014, from Investopedia: www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofeqquity.asp investopedia. (2014). Definition of Prince Multiple. Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: www.investopedia.com/terms/p/princemultiles.asp Starbucks Coffee Company. (2013). Fiscal 2013 Annual Report. Investor Relations. Seattle: Starbucks Coffee Company. yahoo.com. (2014, september). Yahoo Finance. (Yahoo.com, Producer) Retrieved september 2014, from Yahoo finance: finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=SBUX+Key+Statistics

Treatments for Hair Loss

Treatments for Hair Loss Best Hair Treatment   There are many causes for hair fall ranging from male pattern hair loss to thyroid disease, Iron deficiency anaemia etc. Many causes are gender specific like Androgenic alopecia in males and female pattern hair loss seen usually in females. There has been ample research that shows that losing about 100-150 hairs per day is normal for an individual. That is the normal process of cyclical shedding of hair. The hair growth cycle can be divided into 3 phases viz. Anagen, Catagen and Telogen. Anagen Phase is characterized by active growth of the hair strands. Catagen phase is characterized by fairly short phase of hair break down. While in telogen phase the hair follicle is in resting state. The hair that are shed daily are ususally in the resting phase or in the late phase in the catagen. Hairs that are in telogen phase are not growing and are in the preparation for its shedding. In our scalp about 10% of the hair follicles are in telogen phase at any given time frame. There are many health condition like Thyroid disorders, iron deficiency anaemia etc can lead to severe hair loss as stated above, hence it is vital for us to undergo appropriate lab investigations for the same to exclude these or any other underlying disorders that might be triggering or causing severe hair loss. Now let us elaborate a little on the most commonly seen primary cause of hair fall i.e. Androgenic or Androgenetic Alopecia As the name suggests this type of hair fall is liked to hormone as well as genes. Therefore it has to do with hormonal as well as hereditary factors. This was first thought to be only present in males, as in case of males this type of hair loss is often faster, more extensive and has a relatively earlier onset as compared to females, but later research showed that it is seen in female as well as males. Till now the factor that triggers this type of hair loss is unknown. It seen the every male even though he does not go totally bald, has thinning of hair over time. Here unlike the hair that shed out regularly that are in telogen phase, there is no actually falling of hair seen but only eventual thinning oh hair observed as they no more come up!! Common Hair loss Myths – Busted !! It is commonly thought that people with longer hair has more hair loss as it leads to straining of the roots. This doesn’t happen. It is thought that people who wear hats have their hair choked off hence there is deficient circulation leading to hair loss. This is incorrect. It is also said that one inherits from mother’s male relatives. This is incorrect, as it is possible for one to inherit it from either side i.e. mother’s as well as father’s side. It is wrongly thought that hair loss is due to poor circulation of blood in the scalp and hence massaging will stop the hair fall. It doesn’t. The above was a brief on what is hair loss and its causes. Let us now outline various treatment modalities that may act as preventive or curative for hair loss. Having a hair wash every day with a mild and gentle shampoo. The way it is important to wash our face every day and clean our teeth every day the same way it is also important to wash our hair every day. As it helps in removing the dust, dirt and other pollutants from our hair and scalp making it less vulnerable to hair fall. So washing hair ever day causes more hair fall is one of the biggest myths. It is rather other way round i.e. not washing hair every day will cause more hair fall. This myth has become prevalent due to the fact that people tend to notice more hair falling while having hair wash, but what they don’t know is that these hairs were anyhow going to fall off with hair wash or without hair wash. Following a â€Å"Treat your hair well† practices: Though one of the most apparent things, it needs to be given attention because many of us unknowingly don’t follow them and adopt many unhealthy practices. Treating your hair with chemicals and so-called herbal products, which are meant to drastically change the way our hair looks (Perming, straightening, hot ironing etc.), are a big NO. Blow drying hair- What is does is that is dries out the moisture from the scalp and makes the hair dry, this leads to damaging of the hair follicles. Therefore it is advisable to always air dry your hair or if it is absolutely necessary to use the blow dryer then use it on lowest heat setting. Using hair styles that put a lot of stress or pull on the hair follicles like while making braids of tying hair tightly in a pony tails. Many a times what females do is that they tie their hair so tightly that there is enormous tug in the hair follicles making them to be pulled out from the roots. If this practice is continued for longer time it may lead to permanent hair loss from the sites at which these hairs experience the pulling the most. Combing or toweling it roughly when hairs are wet is a very commonly made error by most. What this does is that it stretches the hair strands and will lead to breakage. Following a healthy lifestyle: Healthy hair is the outward mirroring of a healthy body. So it is a good indicator of one’s general health condition. If hairs are shining and beautiful it indicates that the person is in good health and vice versa. Therefore to have healthy looking hair one has to do everything that is necessary to have a good healthy body which includes eating all types of fruits and vegetables regularly thereby supplementing a wide range of vitamins, and minerals like iron, calcium and zinc, one should also have a protein rich diet as hair are basically made of proteins. It is also important to hydrate our bodies with adequate amount of water. Oil is for food, not scalp. Oiling the scalp leads to seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff in the scalp. This leads to hair fall. So no matter what ever your granny says oiling your hair is not healthy for hair. If still one insists on oiling one’s hair it should be done just 45 minutes prior to hair wash, never should we oil our hair and let it stay overnight. Quick home remedies for hair health: Washing hair with a concoction of tea or lemon squeezed in the bathing water used for hair wash will help in getting rid of dandruff. Applying a paste of curd and egg onto that scalp and shampooing it after an hour, if done regularly, will make hair smoother and stronger. Treatment for androgenic alopecia: There are many treatment options available for hair loss but very few of them are scientifically proven and approved by FDA. These treatments help in slowing down the hair loss. Starting these treatments and thereafter stopping them will not leave you at a worse stage than what you were at when you started. Minoxidil: IT is a topical medicine. It helps in decreasing the hair fall, but doesn’t help in increasing the hair growth. It is available over the counter without the need for any prescription from the doctor. It can be used by both males as well as females. Its action is seen best over the crown area of the head. It’s less effective over the frontal area. It is available in the form of lotion, foam and mousse in 2%, 4% and extra-strength 5% solution. Finasteride: It is a medication belonging to 5-alpha reductase inhibitor class of drugs. It is approved by FDA to be used only in males with androgenic alopecia, but it is also used in females â€Å"off-label† who are suffering from androgenic hair loss, and who are not pregnant while on medication. It is available in the form of 1mg tablets. It helps in promoting hair growth and makes hair thicker in some people. But its main purpose is to maintain the hair that are still present on the scalp. The possible side effects include lowering of libido or impotence. Dutasteride: It is FDA approved medicine for treatment of enlarged prostate in men but it is used as â€Å"off-label† medication for treatment of hair loss in men. The action of dutasteride is very similar to finasteride. Recently there is research going on Prostaglandin analogues as topical applications for treatment of hair loss in both males and females. It has a scope for potentially acting as a hair regrowth agent, but till now it hasn’t received FDA approval for it use for treatment of hair loss. One of these newer medication is called by the name Bimatoprost. These are currently used for the purpose of eye lash enhancement. Other alternative treatment options available for hair loss: Hairpieces and hair weaving: It is one of the quickest and tried and test methods to add or enhance hair. It is a temporary method in which a mesh is applied on the patch of scalp which has hair. And over that natural human hair or artificial hair are attached to this by weaving them with the existing hair. The hair that are weaved are selected is such a way so as to match the color and texture of the hair that are existing. Over a period of time there may be oxidization, stretching or loosening of weaved hair. Hair fiber powders: These are used to cover up patches of hair which has undergone thinning. These powders are nothing but colored fibres that are powdered and are such that they attach easily to the existing hair when they are sprinkled on them. This results in a scalp having an appearance of one having fuller hair growth. Toppik is one of the leading manufacturers of these products and it can be ordered via internet portals. It is safe and is pretty cheap about $20-$40. Surgical hair restoration: This includes many versions of hair transplantation procedures like harnessing hair from back and then transplanting them in the front or it may include surgical procedures like scalp reduction where the bald areas are cut away and are stitched together. Over the years the procedures for hair transplantation has undergone major improvements. Of them the latest technology is harnessing of micrografts in which grafts containing only one to two hair follicles are removed from the donor sites and are successfully transplanted to the sites that has bald patches. It is a fairly expensive and time consuming affair. The cost depends on the number of grafts transplanted. The cost may go in the range of $1000 $20,000. Stem Cell Therapy for prevention of hair loss and regrowth of hair. This is one of the areas in which there is active on-going research. Like in other parts of the body hair follicles too have stem cells. The researchers are trying to activate the stem cells progenitor cell. By this the already present stem cells will become active and send chemical signals to the hair follicles nearby which might have become inactive due to aging process. This would ultimately lead to regeneration of healthy hair. PRP injection therapy for hair loss: PRP is nothing but Platelet Rich Plasma that is derived from patient’s own blood. PRP activates the follicular progenitor cells (adult stem cells) thereby causing the hair follicles that have shrunken to become larger and healthier. This enhances the hair growth. Also there are lots of growth factors loaded in PRP so this promotes a rapid hair growth. This method can be applied for both male and female. It can be used for scalp and also over eyebrows in case of hypotrichosis of eyebrows. The treatment procedure requires about 80 minutes to complete Here what is done is, patient’s blood sample is collected and is then processed to extract PRP. This is then introduced in the scalp fully or in localized areas. QR 678 Hair Growth Factor injection treatment for hair loss. This growth factor was developed after a lot of research conducted by top medical centers. It is by far one of the latest treatments for hair loss in India. It is much advanced then PRP treatment and stem cell therapy treatment. This treatment was first reported as a cover story in Times of India newspaper in 2010.QR 678 consists of combination of 6 hair growth factors. They are known to stimulate a significant hair growth when injected in to the scalp. It is more advanced than stem cells therapy for hair fall because here QR 678 injection consists of targeted growth factors that are directly injected in the patches which has hair loss, whereas in case of stem cell therapy the stem cells are reactivated which in turn will lead to production of growth. Hence QR 678 therapy is more specific, selective and advanced. The treatment consists of about 8 sessions of injections of QR 678, each of these sessions are repeated after an interval of 4-6 weeks. There are no side effects to this tre atment. The approx. cost for each QR 678 injection sessions is about $100. The Indian patent is already been awarded, the global patent is still being awaited. Hair Cloning: This treatment modality is still at research stage. What this treatment will consist of is that your own hair will be cloned and there after more hair will be produced from the existing cloned hair by themselves, by the help of genetic engineering. So now to sum it up we can say that alopecia is a very much treatable condition and there are multiple temporary as well as permanent treatment options, both medical as well as surgical, available to us. Therefore it is not very early to say that with the constant advancement and research in this field, baldness will be the thing of the past.

Observations at the Park Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Essay

Observations at the Park A cigarette butt lies next to my foot, still emitting a trace of smoke. Nearby on the dusty asphalt a pigeon waddles self-consciously, bobbing its head as if pecking the air for some invisible food. A squirrel churrs a threat to his brother, challenging him to romp. The walkway before me never becomes silent. A buzz of voices blends with the city soundscape of cars driving and trucks backing, swingsets squealing and sparrows chirping. A toddler, holding tightly to his sister's stroller, yells "Achtung! Achtung! Achtung!" at a squirrel that crosses two inches from his foot. His mother comforts him, in German. A man sits down on the bench across from me, eyelids dropping on his creased red face as he stirs his cup of coffee. The bench I sit on is green, painted over years of dents and names scratched in wood. My backpack sits to my left with its main zipper opened just wide enough for me to extract my notebook and pen. At my right is my suitcase. Its pockets are crammed full like the subway this morning, barely room left to breathe, creaking and comp...

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science Essay -- Neurology Psychology Pape

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science Psychophysical dualism — the distinction between mind and body — is the counterposition between essentially irreducible elements: the mind and body. Such a dualism implies the main ontological problem of the philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP). The dualism and the referred-to problem has been insistently discussed in the philosophical tradition and several solutions have been proposed. Such solutions are properly philosophical or require a scientific approach. First, I will expound the philosophical solution to the MBP proposed by Descartes, to be followed by an exposition of Ryle's criticisms to the solution. Second, from Ryle's criticism, I will deduce a scientific solution to the MBP related to the neural framework model of mind in cognitive science by means of what I call 'the principle of the embodiment of the mind.' Finally, I shall point out the philosophical difficulties that are to be found in using such a princip le. If I've reason, then the philosophical problems must let dissolve themselves without any rest, differently from others... — Ludwig Wittgenstein But this very attraction should make us suspicious: in the history of philosophy, attempts at showing a problem to be "pseudo-problem" have often encountered the very same difficulties that have beset attempts to solve the problem. — Hilary Putnam I - INTRODUCTION The psychophysical dualism or mind-body distinction is the counterposition between two essentially irreducible elements: soul and body. Such dualism implies, as we will show, the more discussed issue of philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP, henceforth) whose the en... ...r and Zopf, Pergamon, p. 255-78, 1962). Atlan, H. Entre le Cristal et la Fumà ©e. Essai sur l'organisation du vivant. Ed. du Seuil, Paris, France, 1979. Churchland, D. P. Theories of Brain Function. In : Neurophilosophy: Towards a Unified Science of Mind and Brain, MIT Press, 1986. Descartes, R. Les Meditations Metaphysiques. Ec. Tannery & Adam: Librairie Philosophique L. Vrin, vol. IX -1, 1982. Gardner, H. The Mind's New Science: A History of Cognitive Revolution. New York, Basic Books, 1987. Guà ©roult, M. Descartes Selon l' Ordre de Raisons. Ed. Aubier, vol 1, Paris, 1964. Gonzales, M. E. Q. Neural networks and Mental Representation: An essay on Harmony and Rationality. In: Trans/ Form/Aà §Ãƒ £o, Sà £o Paulo, v. 14, p.93-108, 1991. Nagel, E. The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. Routhledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1961.

The Folly Of Logic, The Freedom Of Truth :: essays research papers

Logic can very often restrain us from recognising the truth when it is presented to us. Allow me to begin by asking a question. What is man? Who are we indeed? We struggle, we grapple, we strain, grasping for truth that is always there, but we feel is out of our reach. We make ourselves prisoners by our own embankment of logic, an instrument that we work too hard. An ox that we send to the field, but provide no water for, driving it on, past exhaustion; a tool that we abuse without having even a miniscule sentiment of remorse. Who are we to think that we can fit our world, our emotions, our lives, our beliefs into neatly packaged little boxes? What right do we have to fit anyone or anything else into our own little spheres we have somehow managed to contrive? Us and our logic! What pharisees we are, what fools we can be! We think we know best; we make our little plans and we analyse our little strategies until there’s nothing left but jargon. We argue our points away until our memory is lost as to what our question was is the first place. Who cares about answers! They won’t help! Answers are of no use. I just want my opinion out there and my voice to be heard. Well, a lot of help that is when everyone is screaming so hard that all becomes numb and meaningless and silent. Just watch then as our individual universes we’ve been able to construct explode into oblivion, leaving us broken, desolate, torn. We are then left begging for love, starving our spirits in desperation, frantically stripping away our own will. What simpletons we can be! Can we not see the truth that has all this time been staring us blatantly in the eyes? Stop grasping, I ask you, be still! Stop bellowing and just be calm! The truth is simple. The truth is bare. We need only to shred those strategies, burn those boxes, and clear the table to see the truth we’ve left buried there, watching us, hoping we will acknowledge it.

Is the Dollar Depreciation Good for the American Economy? Essay

Currency depreciation always affects both sides of the coin. By lowering the dollar, it will enhance the price competitiveness of US product overseas but lower dollar maybe counter productive especially if there is not enough output for further expansion. Thus the move to depreciate or to appreciate the currency is very significant for economy not only to the US but in the global economy as well. Maintaining the dollar at its value therefore is also very important as it provides balance on imports and export commodities. Over the years the dollar has been swinging high and low against some of the worlds leading currencies. The question that might be ask is, was it intentionally depreciated as part of economic strategy or was it a result of economic decline due to domestic or international circumstances that hamper economic growth, such as, the 9/11 tragedy and the US led war and continues occupation in Iraq? In the midst of ever-increasing competitiveness in the world market, dollar depreciation is good for America because it puts them in the economic competitive advantage position in the international market relying on the quality of the US made goods. It is often a deliberate economic action to cope with the stiff international market competition. However, there is a contraindication to this economic action as lowering the dollar would mean lowering the living standard back home. Depreciating the dollar could stimulate strong economic performance but it also poses bad impact because it will be at the expense of cutting American wages. Paul R. Krugman point out â€Å"Depreciating the dollar is a bad way to reduce the trade deficit because it amount to meeting international competition by cutting American wages, thus lowering the living standards of the American workers† (119) In view of the macroeconomic principles, it will be more advantage for the U. S. to depreciate the dollar at a certain level because it will help to settle some of its economic deficits such as unemployment problem and trade deficit. What the US needs to do is expand its market abroad while increasing domestic productions of export goods. If there is enough output for export expansion, the impact of lower dollars maybe minimal as more money will circulate in the market. Japan’s yen is certainly undervalued compared to the dollar and yet the Japanese enjoy a high standard of living comparable to that of the United States. By mass production it will create more jobs, which can ease the problem of unemployment Another thing the U. S. should do is to put a substantive limit on domestic product for domestic consumption in order to maintain the inflation rate at its current level. Because of the lower dollar, imports from other countries will be balanced by the US exports thereby wiping trade imbalances because of the higher dollar. Thus lowering the dollar provides ample economic benefit for America. It maybe a bitter pill to swallow for others but it may cure some of the economy’s diseases. But it cannot be denied that depreciating the dollars have a serious economic implications to some developing countries. As a matter of principle the US should not play the role of a shrewd manager who only cares of its interest at the expense of the weaker countries. Jacob Frenkel Noted â€Å"The U. S. decision on an exchange-rate regime will clearly affect foreign economies, and it is not clear that what is best for America will be best for the rest of the economy, we must reformulate our notion of how a good exchange rate system performs† (158). Frenkel cited that due to dollar depreciation, the corresponding appreciation of foreign currencies against the dollar worsens the situation abroad compared to the fix exchange rate case. Frenkel stated, â€Å"By allowing the U. S. to export some of its unemployment, the dollar’s depreciation has a beggar-thy neighbor effect† (158). Thus, while the dollar depreciation might shield the U. S. economy from the adverse effect of inflation, but it has an opposite effect on U. S. trading collaborates. To explain this further Frenkel said,â€Å"The beggar thy-neighbor effect of dollar depreciation can be thought of as a payment made by the foreign country to the United States in states of the world where U. S. aggregate demand is relatively low. In the opposite situation, the United States, by allowing its currency to appreciate, compensates foreign countries† (Frenkel, 158). Thus the depreciation of the U. S. dollar requires a more sensitive study of the possible implication on other countries particularly on the trading partners of the U. S. if the United States is concern of its trading partners’ economic developments. Not only in the international market that the dollar depreciation had its impact but in domestic economy as well. Allen J. Lenz pointed out that â€Å"contractionary policies could slow U. S. economic growth relative to foreign growth rates† (68). Lenz emphasized that what counts is not just good trade performance but how that performance is achieved. Strong U. S. market performance based on productivity gains contributes to gains in living standards. Strong performance achieved by dollar depreciation can lower living standards. The depreciation therefore is an important economic action of the United States that will have significant impact not only in the U. S. but also to its trading partners. It may be good for the U. S. economy, and bad for the trading partners, but it may also be bad for the U. S. Work Cited icago PressFrenkel, Jacob. Exchange Rate and International Macroeconomics. U. S. A. : University of Chicago. 1988. Krugman, Paul. Diminished Expectations U. S. A. : The Washington Post Company 1994. Lenz, Allen J. Narrowing the U. S. Current Account Deficit: A Sectoral Assessment. U. S. A. : Institute for International Economic. 1992.

Introduction to Law

Wherever people have lived together, they have found it necessary to develop rules of conduct. They need rules for the settlement of disputes. They also need rules for the organization of their governments. Law is the set of rules that the government enforces through its police, its courts, and its other agencies. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee demonstrates the importance of law in our communities, especially criminal law. Law makes it possible for men to live together peaceably in a community. If there were no law, every man could do just as he pleased, with law, the people in a community know that the government will enforce rules that will make it possible for them to live together without conflict. The philosophy or science of law is called jurisprudence. There are two main kinds of laws. Civil or public law helps settle disputes between people or companies. Criminal law deals with crimes, or actions that cause serious harm to an individual or group. Public law is the body of rules in which the government is directly involved. Public law regulates the relationships between individuals and the government. One group of rules in public law defines and limits the powers of the government. The part of public law most familiar to many persons is criminal law, which is the body of rules that we are commanded to obey. The government may fine those who do not obey, send them to jail, or even execute them. A number of smaller groups of rules also come under the general heading of public law. International law is concerned with agreements among nations, problems of boundaries, and other questions arising from the relationships of one country with another. Constitutional law deals with the problems that have arisen about various clauses in the United States Constitution. Problems in constitutional law include the organization of the government and the guarantees of our liberties. Administrative law is the body of rules made by administrative or executive agencies of government. The Interstate Commerce Commission, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Federal Communications Commission are all examples of such an agency. Civil law includes the rules that regulate the relationships among people. Private law includes many smaller groups of rules. Some examples are the rules relating to contracts, personal injuries, and real estate. Most people think of only criminal law when they hear the word law. However, most lawyers and courts spend most of their time dealing with problems of private law. These private law problems includes taxation, business affairs, the transfer of property, and the collection of money for people injured through the fault of others. Cases or proceedings in civil courts are often called lawsuits. Social conditions continually change, and so the law must also change or become outdated. Every nation changes its laws in the manner that its political system prescribes. In a dictatorship, only the top government leaders can change the law. Democracies, however, have developed four main methods of changing the law. Democratic laws change by court decision, by legislation, by administrative action, and by the direct action of the people. Every independent country has its own legal system. The systems vary according to each country's social traditions and form of government. However, most systems can be classed as either a common-law system or a civil-law system. The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other English-speaking countries have a common-law system. Most other countries have a civil-law system. Many countries combine features of both systems. Law enforcement is one of the most important ways a government has of protecting its citizens. It usually refers to the action of police and the courts in catching and punishing criminals. However, a broad use of the term also includes the administration of justice in all law cases by the courts. Law enforcement is necessary to maintain order in a community, state, or country. Private citizens have more to do with law enforcement than simply obeying the laws. They should report to the authorities whenever they see a law being broken. Every citizen has the right to arrest a person he sees committing a crime. In conclusion, law is one of the most basic social institutions and one of the most necessary. No society could exist if all people did just as they pleased, without regard for the rights of others, nor could a society exist if its members did not recognize that they also have certain obligations toward one another. The law thus establishes the rules that define a person's rights and obligations. The law also sets penalties for people who violate these rules and states how government shall enforce the rules and penalties.

Males and Females in Peter Greenaways Films Essay

The following paper gives an overview of the movies of Peter Greenaway along with how he portrays women and men his films. The paper would be based on the roles of men and women in his three movies, drowning by numbers, the belly of an architect and the Draughtsman’s contract. One common aspect that would be discussed in his movies is that the men are usually thought of as victims and the women are presented as the true artistic creators. His Movies: Drowning by Numbers: In opposition to the background of the autumnal Suffolk seashore, three generations of women, each one given the name of Cissie Colpitts, assassinate their not good enough husbands by obscuring them in a bathtub, in the ocean, and in a swimming pool, correspondingly. In arrival for assurance for sexual favoritism, which the women at the end of the day refuse to give, the neighboring coroner, Henry Madgett (Hill), comes in agreement to endorse the casualties as unintentional, even though a minute but steadily-growing swarm of eyewitnesses and associations put stress on him to acquaint with the reality. His juvenile son, Smut, who is preoccupied with casualty and brings together animal and insect dead bodies, furthermore he considers his father must appear spotless. Factual to Madgett’s and the movies fascination with games, he places up a tug-of-war from corner to corner of a waterway to come to a decision to the problem, where he and Smut connect to Cissie in opposition to their hecklers. Greenaway is an often-infuriating, one-of-a-kind filmmaker who repeatedly experiments the staying power of his spectators. A lot of experience it as not significant as the attempt to shape out his difficult to understand games, let unaccompanied their implication, exclusive of a quantity of kinky sex or run through to disappear the procedures. Drowning by Numbers provides up ample of this: a circumcision by clippers, a repeated repulsion for provisions and flesh, and various near-sickening views of decompose and pests. Still, as if paying no attention to the filmmaker’s mysterious propensities, the presentations are ironic, cynical, sardonic and over and over again blackly humorous, and each and every framework is crammed with detail and magnificence. Here was an unprincipled anecdote enlightened ethically, with a tough feminist implication—approximately all of the male characters breathe their last breath by means of the unconquerable Cissies’ scheme shimmering, as Greenaway himself has acknowledged that the superior do not obtain content and happiness, and the depraved are infrequently rebuked, and the above suspicion are for all time badly treated. Drowning by Numbers is typically concerning numbers and the means they are employed to systematize the games individuals take part in. Despite the fact that the greater part of the human relations of whichever significance is determined by unstructured requirements, we use up a large amount of our lives demanding to offer them shape. We look for examples and successions, and enjoyment in the psychosomatic language that comes into view to give explanation. We search for regulations and unavoidability, and identify relations as the competition in which people occupy themselves for the reason that these games have both, happiness and contention. Drowning by Numbers is crammed with games: those men engage in recreation with women, women with men, and jump rope, cricket, and some games out of Greenaway’s tremendous sleight of hand. For the most part continuous game is the one Greenaway plays with the spectator. The motion picture starts with a small woman hopping rope as she count from one to one hundred (Peter Greenaway, 100). The Bell of an Architect: In Belly of an Architect, Brian Dennehy plays the central character who considers the main beliefs of structural design will regulate the humankind. He struggles the backstabbing of dishonest classmates and environment’s attrition of both construction and body. Sooner than the film ends, he loses his architectural assignment and is lost to stomach cancer. The screen in Belly is beleaguered with scaffolding, drop fabrics, plaster, powder, and huge degeneration hallways and corridors seeping out with water and sludge, which Greenaway challenges to put together into well-designed symmetries much as his hero attempts to protect the architectural classicisms he stumbles on to be so comforting. Again, the ordering organization contained by the film surrounds it. An immature artiste is constricted to implement twelve illustrations of a sumptuous countryside residence in 17th century England. Drawn into an affectionate and passionate association with the two conniving ladies of the residence he outlines and fabricates illustrated indications of the assassination. He almost immediately discovers himself trapped in the rumble ferociousness of the over sophisticated spirits of the landed upper classes. As all the times, Peter Greenaway provides beautiful and stunning masterpieces that contemplate on the artist’s infatuation for order and the oppression of organizations—whether communal or artistic. This untimely Greenaway effort observes unfaithfulness and substantial weakening, all in the perspective of a demanding occupational existence. The cuckold is a renowned American designer, Stourley Kracklite, who goes to Rome to place on a demonstration in reminiscence of his male protagonist, the 18th century farsighted draftsman, Etiene Louis Boullee. Kracklite fails to remember the current to respect the ancient times, but at what cost? He pays no attention to his pregnant wife who searches for soothe in the arms of Kracklite’s opponent. He furthermore takes no notice of his physical condition and is influenced that his stomach’s throbbing are the consequences of his wife’s efforts to exterminate him. The punishment for such fascination is the failure of his presentation— the extraordinarily obsession he gave up all other elements of his life to accomplish (Peter Greenaway, 105). The Belly of an Architect is a visual extravagance, approximately deference to the techniques and fashions of Rome’s structural designs, judged with skill, ability, proficiency and crammed with impenetrable and mysterious shades. The Draughtsman’s Contract: Greenaway’s foremost profit-making element, The Draughtsman’s Contract, is the chronicle of a draughtsman who in 1694 is specially made by the woman of an enormous residence to do twelve depictions of her property. At the opening it gives the impression that he’s to a certain extent in command of his lady and background, receiving them together down anywhere he desires them, till his meticulousness does him in. By painstakingly drafting the manor house and foundation, he unintentionally duplicates indications to an assassination. As expected, its perpetrators don’t desire him in the region. The methodical little draughtsman fall’s a victim not to environment’s impulse but to man’s ravenousness and violent behavior (Peter Greenaway, 45). The twelve drawings are at one time the evidences to the massacres and the arrangements of the motion picture. From then on, all noteworthy objects in the motion picture are revolving around the paintings that hold the clues and all the film’s action—the drawings and the assassinations—must be accomplished by the time movies reaches to its end. This is systematic Greenaway. Human games and their dependence on ritualistic traditions are both the area under discussion of the draughtsman’s contract and its form. As the characters get involve within the findings of the clues and murderer with each other, it brings in the the chaos of passion. Greenaway assembles his schemes and positions according to the murder and clues. The Draughtsman’s Contract is thrice regarding commanding order on disorder, on man’s unreasonable desires and nature’s predictable decompose: first, surrounded by the sequence of events; second in its structural association; and third, in the glance of the screen. Greenaway is an order-and-chaos fanatic (Amy Lawrence, 175). Conclusion: In all the movies of Peter Greenaway discussed above, one thing is very common, that the men are always shown as a powerless creature and the women are always dominating. All the films bring the women as murderers of men. In the majority of his films, Peter Greenaway has at least a suggestion of proposal that the most important rationale of women is to damage men’s lives, typically with the aid of the men in query. More than any of his others, with the probable exclusion of the outstanding â€Å"Drowning By Numbers†, conveys a suggestion to the front, by using it as a primary message, rather than as an indication of the disentanglement of the plot. Unluckily, perhaps due to this approach, there are not a lot of subplots there, and therefore, the movie needs somewhat in difficulty, in contrast with some of his previous work. The Draughts men’s Contract came into view like a touching work of art with bright color and dazzling imagery. Though all are great movies, their schemes can be puzzling with the need of familiar dialogue and character progress. Greenaway movies are compactly and tightly weighed down with figure of speech and satisfied with metaphors, and are required to be moved towards accordingly, not with the similar state of mind that one would come close to a distinctive Hollywood motion picture, for an instance. Possibly furthermore supportive is a quotation from Greenaway himself: â€Å"If you want to tell stories, be a writer, not a filmmaker.†(IMDB, Pp1) References: Greenaway, Peter. 2001. The Draughtsman’s Contract: The Draughtsman’s Contract. Published by Distributed Art Pub, Pp 45 Greenaway, Peter. 1998. Drowning by Numbers. Published by Dis Voir, Pp 100 Greenaway, Peter. 1988. The Belly of an Architect. Published by Faber, Pp 105 Lawrence, Amy. 1997. The films of Peter Greenaway. Published by CUP Archive, Pp 175 The Internet Movie Database (IMDB), Biography for Peter Greenaway. (2008)Retrieved on 24th March ’09 from http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000425/bio

Republic Day Essay

Republic Day is one of the three national holidays of India and the greatest festival celebrated in the country. It is celebrated every year on January 26, in New Delhi with great pomp, fanfare and pageant. While in the capitals of the States and other headquarters, it is marked with patriotic fervor. The most spectacular celebrations are marked by the Republic Day Parade that takes place in the capital of New Delhi at Rajpath. It includes march past of the three armed forces, massive parades, folk dances by tribal folk from different states in picturesque costumes marking the cultural unity of India. Further, the streak of jet planes of Indian Air Force, leaving a trial of colored smoke, marks the end of the festival. It was the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress at midnight of December 31, 1929 – January 1, 1930, that the Tri-Color Flag was unfurled by the nationalists and a pledge was taken that on January 26 every year, â€Å"Republic Day† would be celebrated and that the people would unceasingly strive for the establishment of a Sovereign Democratic Republic India. The professed pledge was successfully redeemed on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India framed by the Constituent Assembly of India came into force, although the Independence from the British rule was already achieved on August 15, 1947. It is because of this fact that August 15 is celebrated as Independence Day, while January 26 as Republic Day. The festivity of Republic Day concludes officially with the intriguing Beating Retreat ceremony on the evening of 29th January. This enthralling ceremony is performed by the military, the Indian Air Force, India Navy and India Army in the Raisina Hills, New Delhi, in front of the President of India as the Chief Guest.

U.S. and international business operations and environments Essay

U.S. and international business operations and environments - Essay Example Cultural diversity identifies one of the differences. The American domestic culture is largely homogeneous and identifies uniform behaviors and practices in business negotiations and agreements. This is however contrary to the international environment that has diversified cultures and requires extensive knowledge of the cultures for successful business initiatives. Failure to understand the different cultures disadvantages operations in the international environment as opposed to experiences United States’ domestic set up. Business operations in the Unites States majorly uses the U.S. Dollar for transactions while operations in the international environment encounters many currencies, requires currency conversion and is susceptible to losses due to variations in currency values. Business operations and environment in the United States are also subject to a homogeneous legal environment under the federal laws and variations within state laws are not very significant while oper ations and environments in international set ups are regulated by different legal systems. Similarly, moral obligations, as derived from cultures, are homogeneous in the domestic business environment but diversified in international set up. Business operations in the United States are also majorly conducted in English while the international set up involves a multilingual approach that sometimes requires translators (Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). Business operations and environments in the United States are therefore different from those in the international set up with culture, currency, legal environment, language, and ethics as the major bases for the

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children Research Paper

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that it is true that video game play, whether violent or non-violent, can develop visual concentration, spatial relations, and hand-eye coordination. However, from the evidences presented, it is not clear if these games can improve critical judgment or preservation of information and creativity. This paper makes a conclusion that some educational video games guide specific educational skills and knowledge, for instance math, science and language. However, this kind of games is not easily accessible. Possibly, future development and wide distribution of these materials will be able to encourage more learning for electronic gamers. The effects of media violence may result to desensitization to the terror of violence; recognition of violence as â€Å"a way out†; replication of aggression seen in video games; and identification of oneself with the characters. Let us take Mortal Kombat and Nite Trap as perfect examples of the media game of blood sport. In Mortal Kombat, the first hero decapitates, the second hero electrocutes, the third hero slashes the victim’s chest and pulls out the heart, and the fourth hero hacks his victim’s head and holds it high in triumph. In Nite Trap, the vampires go after five scantily-dressed women, bore holes in their necks and suspend them on meat hooks. The high-action, live-action, blood-rich scenes of these games make them more compelling, powerful and realistic and all the more attractive to the minds of the innocent.

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is Essay

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is challenging but not impossible - Essay Example Cultural diversity in work place is difficult to handle, but is manageable. This essay will address the main hurdles in effective management under culturally diverse circumstances and solutions to such problems. Cultural diversity refers to multiculturalism or interaction of individuals from different cultures at one platform. This phenomenon occurs as a result of international migration. People from several diverse cultures and nations migrate to other places usually developed areas for work. This makes management difficult. According to UNESCO (2003) some 175 million people live away from their birth places and this rate was reported to be 200 million by the World Bank in 2009. When individuals from various diverse cultures accumulate in a single organization, the management is faced by following common issues: Where there is cultural diversity, people from different races are provided with several opportunities to interact. An interaction at such a level is sometimes ridden with racial issues that are again quite challenging to manage. In culturally diverse workplaces, sometimes individuals from a contrasting culture fail to absorb or even understand the organizational culture. This is referred to as a cultural shock. Cultural shock leads to negative feelings of helplessness and isolation, usually leading to poor performance at work by the individual. Communication barriers among the co workers due to their diverse cultures also pose a problem in such scenarios and if left un dealt with, can pose serious limitations in the organization’s overall performance. The main issues relating to cultural diversity that might pose a problem for management have been highlighted above. These issues suggest that management of cultural diversity is a difficult task. Now I will discuss how these issues can be dealt with making it possible to manage such a culturally diverse workplace. Cultural diversity can be managed at workplace if certain

History and Impact of Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History and Impact of Computing - Essay Example Its formation was intrigued by the demand for work force by the 100th battalion war department. Recruitment of the military personnel involved both Americans and Japanese volunteers. Though 2100 Japanese were recruited, they felt that the unit that was created was a strategy by the white military to protect themselves. In addition, their reluctance to join the army was because the elegance forms required the Japanese to denounce their nationality. In regards to this, most Japanese youth felt that it was an insult to their emperor (Black, 2001). The Caucasians held the official position in the regiments. The group participated in several wars such as the wars at Luciana, Belvedere, and Livorno. The casualty percentage of Japanese-American units was rated at 314 percent. Recognition for the lost lives of the volunteers was made through awards for their courage and bravery in the battlefields. Just like the African-Americans dedication in the Second World War, President Truman honored t he Japanese-Americans for their devotion to wars in Italy and Southern France. The Armed Forces was desegregated in order to allow equality and fare enrolment. The success of the war was ascribed to role the Japanese Americans played. More importantly was the war against Japan where they acted as translators and interpreters. Their service in the Military Intelligence Service was manifested in their ability to capture Japanese secret communication thus making orders to Japanese officers and quick elucidations of their enemies’ military communication code. Their involvement was significantly felt at Saipan and Okinawa. They calmed down terrified civilians due to the terror threats that were propagated by their Japanese government. They also convinced some Japanese soldiers until they surrendered (Black, 2001). Despite the 442nd impeccable service that earned the rest of Japanese-soldiers respect, the West Coast perceptions of these soldiers were different from that accorded to the Americans soldiers. Though the 442nd regiment survivors had earned the country victory in the wars, they were reunited with their families who had been placed in isolation camps. Similarly, the Japanese war veterans were harshly treated in their homes. Their residents were constantly set a blaze or vandalized and most restaurants and local shops dined offering their services to them. Though some soldiers were disbanded from wars during Italy’s post-war occupation duty due to their Japanese ancestry, President Harry Truman honored their efforts by pinning the seventh Presidential Unit Citation on the 442nd unit’s color. The reactivation of 442nd regiment unit in Hawaii following its inactivation in Honolulu proved the unit as an organized reserve unit. The recent recognition of the Asian Pacific Americans veterans of the U.S Army Second World War was held on 21 day of June in 2000. The move was an effort towards correction of the racial prejudice that had character ized United States during WWII. In regards to this recognition, the 442nd Japanese infantry earned twenty-one medals. The American Navajo Code Talkers During World War II, which started from 1939 to1945, approximately 50,000 New Mexicans were involved in almost every assault the United States marine forces raged on areas such as Peleju, Tarawa, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal in the

Bookstores Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bookstores Visit - Essay Example On the other side, looking at the best sellers, it also being evident that cultural elements specific to communities are being more acceptable to a global audience. Stories from Asia and Europe are being available and are being read as stories from the local context. Both the book stores had broad range of books. Another interesting observation was the standardization in the marketing strategies of the book stores. Both stores had similar best sellers. This suggest the ways in which media is able to reach out to people and influence people’s decision making process. In the context of globalization, it can be inferred that the market speculates the cultural choices that people make. The choice on what to read and what to perceive on reading is being largely influenced by the globalised market. Invariably both the bookstores have books portraying Asian symbols and culture in a sellable format. These depictions stay very close to the stereotypic images of orientalism. These books in terms of the ways in which they are marketed reinforce orientalism, though in an unrealistic sense. The reciprocal influence of the globalised economy forces the market to deliver according to the needs of the consumers and at the same time influences the consumers to consume what is marketed. This trend is evidently observable in this scenario. Both the book stores are offering books which reinforce the stereotypical images on Asian culture. Interestingly, this trend does not limit itself to a particular genre of books. Right from travel guides to fiction, books confirming certain cultural notions are readily available in both the stores. Interplay of liberalized open world marketing strategies and orientalism is observable in the kind of books that both the stores are selling. Being a classic, Kafka’s ‘On Parables’ was available in both the stores. The number of copies on the rack suggested that this

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business law - Assignment Example In his mind, he thinks that the car is in good condition. By bad luck, the mechanical problem re-occurs two days later and consequently, the car is involved in road carnage. The taxi driver evaluates the problem and come to a conclusion that the car had the mechanical problem before the purchase. The seller by omitting the true mechanical condition of the car violated the Contract Law (Marson 352). Contract Law is a group of regulations that guide buyers and sellers on how to conduct their business. Legal actions are taken in case one party violates the Contract Law. Therefore, the taxi driver will use the Contract Law in court to against the car seller. The law allows the payment of any loss or damage caused by omission of vital information by the seller. However, the buyer must prove that the Contract Law was indeed violated. The Contract Law has four main elements. The first element is the offer given by the seller with conditions of the item on sale, the price, and the date by which the offer will expire. The second element of Contract Law is acceptance. The buyer accepts the conditions given and registers the intention to buy the item. The third element is the legal agreement. The buyer and the seller make a legal binding. The last element is consideration where the buyer pays or gives a later date to pay the item on sale. In the case between the car seller and the taxi driver, the offer given did not include the poor condition of the car intentional (Marson 352). The taxi driver bought it at the worth of a car with good conditions. He joins into a legal agreement and makes payment only to realize that the car had mechanical problems two days later. The seller violated the Contract Law by giving false information about his car and is supposed to pay the damages and the loss incurred by the taxi driver. However, the chances of the taxi driver winning this case are

New Media Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

New Media Culture - Essay Example Indeed, social interactions and relationships have fulfilled several aims and social psychological aims of people. But in ages past, people have been more familiar with a traditional form of social relations whereby the people we come across in person become the only people we continue to relate to in our own unique social worlds. With technological advancement however, much of this trend has changed as technology has created an avenue for people to establish a social setting without really having to come to meet on a personal basis (Fiske, 1992). Sociality and communities have been digitized and advanced through technology and by the power of the internet through various social network platforms. In this essay, there is a careful scrutiny to new sociality and new communities as substitutes of old sociality and communities. As part of the scrutiny, the role of culture in technologically advanced societies shall be invested to come to conclusions with the merits and demerits associate d with new sociality and communities. Role of culture in technologically advanced societies Culture may generally be explained as the way in which a group of people live. This means it is the way of life of people and thus entails key variables that distinguish these people including language, meals, dressing, courtesy, social perception and interactivity. Culture has always been a key part of societies and communities. This is because most often than not, any given society is made up of people with core cultural similarities and the more these people are able to share these cultural similarities, the better it is for them to have their communities established (Wellman, B. et al., 2001). In cases where there are cultural differences, tolerance and acceptability have been identified to be the key to developing an effective community. Indeed, as much as this principle applies in the traditional setting, it has also been found to be useful and influential in this era of technologically advanced societies (Castells, 2001). Using various social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Whatsapp as examples, it can be noted that there is virtually none of these social media network that allows an open form of networking that lacks permissiveness by end users to decide who will be their social members and those who will not. This means that hosts and makers of these social networks understand the need for any two people to get along culturally well before relationships can be established in a technologically advanced society. Culture therefore plays the role of defining the kind of societies that can be established and how effective these societies will be once they are advanced into communities. Culture also determines whether or not people will have their social psychological needs satisfied in technologically advanced societies. Approaches to Social Network Theory Generally, social network theory makes use of two major approaches or schemes namely nod es and ties. As far as nodes are concerned, reference made to individual actors who are found within the network, while ties refer to the nature of relationships that are established between these actors (Granovetter, 1983). Social network theory has actually been related to traditional sociological studies, where it has been said that

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) is the term used to describe formal systems devised for the management of people within an organization. These human resources responsibilities are generally divided into three major areas of management: staffing, employee compensation, and defining/designing work. Essentially, the purpose of HRM is to maximize the productivity of an organization by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees. This mandate is unlikely to change in any fundamental way, despite the ever-increasing pace of change in the business world. As Edward L. Gubman observed in the Journal of Business Strategy, the basic mission of human resources will always be to acquire, develop, and retain talent; align the workforce with the business; and be an excellent contributor to the business. Those three challenges will never change. Until fairly recently, an organizations human resources department was often consigned to lower rungs of the corporate hierarchy, despite the fact that its mandate is to replenish and nourish the companys work force, which is often cited—legitimately—as an organizations greatest resource. But in recent years recognition of the importance of human resources management to a companys overall health has grown dramatically. This recognition of the importance of HRM extends to small businesses, for while they do not generally have the same volume of human resources requirements as do larger organizations, they too face personnel management issues that can have a decisive impact on business health. As Irving Burstiner commented in The Small Business Handbook, Hiring the right people—and training them well—can often mean the difference between scratching out the barest of livelihoods and steady business growth†¦. With technology changing every day, and the talent crunch forcing employers to get the most out of each and every staff member, the focus on HR is set to continue. Even without a time machine, it’s clear HR’s role will move ever-closer to the very heart of business. Plugging the talent gaps This is not to say there are no challenges facing HR in the present day, far from it. At the top of the critical list on Singapore’s business landscape is the impending talent shortage that is set to hit organisations of all shapes and sizes. Elizabeth Martin-Chua, local HR expert and author, says businesses are again having to chase talent. Previously, the situation was the much more ideal reverse – with job candidates pulling out all stops to find work in their favoured organisations. Now, with the baby boom generation set to move into retirement with only smaller-sized age groups available to replace them, the talent crunch is set to move into a more permanent fixture. That means renewed importance will be placed on those HR

Econ Problem Set Essay Example for Free

Econ Problem Set Essay 1) Describe the effects on output and welfare if the government regulates a monopoly so that it may not charge a price above p, which lies between the unregulated monopoly price and the optimally regulate price (determined by the intersection of the firm’s marginal cost and the market demand curve). As usual, the monopoly determines its optimal output on the basis of MR = MC. Here, however, it cannot charge a price in excess of p*. So, for any output less than Q(p*) (where Q(p) is the demand function) its marginal revenue is p*. On the graph below that gives: pm p* MR MC Demand q m q * 2) The inverse demand curve a monopoly faces is p=10Q-1/2. The firm’s cost curve is c(Q) = 10 + 5Q. Find the profit maximizing price and quantity, and economic profit for the monopoly. Revenue = pQ = Q(10Q-1/2) = 10Q1/2 MR = 5Q-1/2 MC = 5 Profit maximization implies MR = MC, so 5Q-1/2 = 5, or Q* = 1; p* = 10. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 1(10) – (10 + 5Q) Economic Profit = 10 – 15 = -5. So, the monopoly will not produce at all, and will have a profit of zero. 3) The inverse demand curve a monopoly faces is p = 100 – Q. Find the profit maximizing price and quantity, and economic profit if: a) The total cost curve is c(Q) = 10 + 5Q. p = 100 – Q, R = p Ãâ€" Q = (100 – Q) Ãâ€" Q, so MR = 100 – 2Q. C(Q) = 10 + 5Q, therefore MC = 5. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 5 ⇒ Q* = 47.5, p* = 100 – Q* = 52.5 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 47.5 units. The firm will charge $52.5 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = Q(100 – Q) – (10 + 5Q) Economic Profit = 47.5(52.5) – (10 + 5(47.5)) = $2,246.25 b) The total cost curve is c(Q) = 100 + 5Q. How is this similar/different from that found in part a? The optimal price and quantity are the same, because the marginal cost doesn’t change. The marginal cost is constant at $5 as before. By setting MR = MC, the firm will have the same profit-maximizing solution. The only thing that changes is economic profit. Economic profit here is $90 less than in the previous problem (because of the difference in fixed costs). So, Economic Profit = $2,246.25 – 90 = $2,156.25. c) If the total cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + Q2. C(Q) = 16 + Q2, therefore MC = 2Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 2Q ⇒ Q* = 25, p* = 100 – Q* = 75 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 25 units. The firm will charge $75 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 25(75) – (16 + Q2) = $1234. d) If the (total) cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + 4Q2, find the monopolist’s profit-maximizing quantity and price. How much economic profit will the monopolist earn? C(Q) = 16 + 4Q2, therefore MC = 8Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 8Q ⇒ Q* = 10, p* = 100 – Q* = 90 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 10 units. The firm will charge $90 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 10(90) – (16 + 4Q2) = $484. e) Suppose (again) that the total cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + Q2 and the monopolist has access to a foreign market in which it can sell whatever quantity it chooses at a constant price of 60. How much will it sell in the foreign market? What will its new quantity and price be in the original market? It will sell on the foreign market up to the point where its marginal cost = 60. Since Marginal Cost = 2Q that means total production is 2QT = 60 or QT = 30. Domestic sales are now based on the marginal cost of $60 per unit, so The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 60 ⇒ QD = 20, pD = 100 – QD = 80 It will sell the remainder on the foreign market: QF = 30 – 20 = 10 units. f) Finally suppose the monopolist has a long-run constant marginal cost curve of MC = 20. Find the monopolist’s profit-maximizing quantity and price. Find the efficiency loss from this monopoly. MR = 100 – 2Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 20 ⇒ Q* = 40, p* = 100 – Q* = 60 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 40 units. The firm will charge $60 per unit. Efficient production and price are: pe = 20; Qe = 80. Then Dead-Weight-Loss =  ½ (60 – 20) (80 – 40) = $800. 4) A monopoly sells its good in the United States, where the elasticity of demand is –2, and in Japan, where the elasticity of demand is –5. Its marginal cost is $10. a) At what price does the monopoly sell its good in each country if resales are impossible? The price-discriminating monopoly maximizes its profit by operating where its marginal revenue for each country equals the firm’s marginal cost. Hence, the marginal revenues for the two countries are equal; MRUS = MC = MRJ. MRUS = PUS (1 + 1/ÃŽ µUS) = MC. PUS (1 – 1/2) = 10. Therefore, PUS =20. MRJ = PJ (1 + 1/ÃŽ µJ) = MC. PJ (1 1/5) = 10. Therefore, PJ =12.5. b) What happens to the prices that the monopoly charges in the two countries if retailers can buy the good in Japan and ship it to the United States at a cost of (a) $10 or (b) $0 per unit? If retailers can buy the good in Japan and ship it to the United States at a cost of $10, then it can sell the good in the United States at the price of $22.50. Since it is not profitable, it never happens and nothing changes. However, if the shipping cost is zero, retailers can buy the good in Japan for $12.50 and sell it in the United States for $19 for a profit and undercut the monopolist. This means the monopoly cannot price-discriminate any more. As a result, there will be a single common price which will be somewhere between $12.5 and $ 20. 5) A monopoly sells in two countries, and resales between the countries are impossible. The demand curves in the two countries are p1=100 – Q1, p2=120 – 2Q2. The monopoly’s marginal cost is m = 30. Solve for the equilibrium price in each country. The price-discriminating monopoly maximizes its profit by operating where its marginal revenue for each country equals the firm’s marginal cost. Hence, the marginal revenues for the two countries are equal; MR1 = MC = MR2. P1 = 100 – Q1 MR1 = 100 – 2Q1, MC = 30 Since MR1 = MC, Q1*=35. Therefore, P1* = 65. P2 = 120 – 2Q2 MR2 = 120 – 4Q2, MC = 30. Similarly, MR2 = MC. Therefore, MQ2*=22.5 and P1* = 75.